Class 12, Zoology PPT - 8. Microbes in Human Welfare
Class 12, Zoology PPT - 8. Microbes in Human Welfare
Chapter outline
9.1 Microbes in household products
9.2 Microbes in industrial products
9.3 Microbes in sewage treatment and
energy generation
9.4 Microbes in the production of biogas
9.5 Bioremediation
Learning objectives
➢ Differentiates probiotics from pathogens.
➢ Understands the use of microbes in household products.
➢ Learns about antibiotic production and
fermented beverages.
➢ Realizes the importance of microbes in sewage treatment and energy generation.
➢ Realizes the applications of microbes in
bio-remediation.
Microbes in Human Welfare
Short Notes for Quick Revision
1. ЁЯеЫ Microbes in Household Products
Lactobacillus (LAB) turns milk into curd.
LAB raises vitamin B₁₂. Makes food richer.
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used for bread and bakery items.
Toddy comes from fermenting palm sap.
2. ЁЯПн Microbes in Industrial Products
microbial products list:
Ethanol from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Citric acid from Aspergillus niger.
Acetic acid from Acetobacter aceti.
Lactic acid from Lactobacillus.
Penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum.
Streptokinase from Streptococcus.
Cyclosporin A from Trichoderma polysporum.
Statins from Monascus purpureus.
3. ЁЯТК Antibiotics
Penicillin was first found by Alexander Fleming.
Penicillin comes from Penicillium chrysogenum.
Antibiotics are substances made by microbes that stop or kill microbes.
4. ЁЯЪ░ Sewage Treatment
Primary treatment removes suspended particles by physical means.
Secondary treatment uses microbes that make flocs and break down matter which lowers BOD and creates activated sludge.
Anaerobic digester produces biogas that mostly contains methane (CH₄).
5. ЁЯМ▒ Microbes as Biofertilizers
Rhizobium fixes nitrogen inside legume root nodules.
Azotobacter and Azospirillum fix nitrogen while free‑living or associated with roots.
Cyanobacteria, like Anabaena and Nostoc also fix nitrogen.
Mycorrhiza helps plants absorb phosphorus and grow better.
6. ЁЯРЫ Biocontrol Agents
Microbes can naturally control pests.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) stops insect larvae.
Trichoderma fights plant disease.
Baculoviruses target insect pests.
One‑minute Memory
Household products include curd, bread and toddy.
Industrial products include acids, alcohol, antibiotics and enzymes.
Sewage treatment reduces BOD creates flocs and produces biogas.
Biofertilizer uses Rhizobium, cyanobacteria and mycorrhiza.
Biocontrol relies on Bt, Trichoderma and baculovirus.
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