Class 12, Zoology PPT - 9. Applications of Biotechnology
Class 12, Zoology PPT - 9. Applications of Biotechnology
Chapter outline
10.1 Applications in Medicine
10.2 Gene therapy
10.3 Stem Cell Therapy
10.4 Molecular Diagnostics
10.5 Transgenic Animals
10.6 Biological products and
their uses
10.7 Animal cloning
10.8 Ethical issues
10.9 Regulation in biotechnology
10.10 Possible threats of Genetically
Modified Organisms
10.11 Biosafety guidelines
Learning objectives
➢ Understand the applications of rDNA
technology in the field of medicine.
➢ Analyse the role of diagnostic tools in
Molecular diagnosis.
➢ Learn animal cloning and its applications.
➢ Create awareness on the ethical issues involved in biotechnology.
➢ Realise the need for biosafety guidelines
and regulations in Biotechnology.
Applications of Biotechnology
Short Notes for Quick Revision
1. ЁЯТЙ Biotechnology in Medicine:
Human insulin
Human insulin is produced using genetically modified microorganisms.
Recombinant DNA technology allows production of insulin on a scale.
The A and B chains of insulin are linked by disulfide bonds.
Gene therapy
Used to treat genetic disorders by introducing a functional gene.
ADA deficiency is an example.
2. ЁЯТЙ Recombinant Vaccines
Biotechnology is used to produce vaccines.
Example: Hepatitis B vaccine produced using DNA technology.
These vaccines stimulate the system to produce protection against a pathogen.
3. ЁЯзк Molecular Diagnosis
Biotechnology helps detect diseases at a stage.
PCR → Amplifies DNA sequences.
→ Useful in detecting pathogens and genetic disorders.
ELISA → Based on antibody interaction.
→ Used for detecting antigens or antibodies.
4. ЁЯМ╛ Biotechnology in Agriculture
Genetically Modified (GM) crops
Crops whose genetic material is modified to obtain characteristics.
Advantages include:
Insect resistance
Disease resistance
Improved nutritional quality
Tolerance to stresses
Bt cotton - Contains Bt cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Produces proteins to certain insect pests.
Provides protection against bollworms.
5. ЁЯНЪ Golden Rice
modified rice developed to produce ╬▓-carotene in the grain.
╬Т-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A.
Developed to help address vitamin A deficiency.
6. ЁЯРД Transgenic Animals
Animals genetically modified to carry and express a gene are called transgenic animals.
Uses:
Study gene function and disease mechanisms
Production of biological products
Testing medicines and vaccines
Understanding normal and abnormal physiology
Example: Transgenic mice are widely used in research.
7. ЁЯМН Environmental Applications
Bioremediation
Use of microorganisms or biological systems to remove pollutants from the environment.
Biofertilizers
Microorganisms that improve soil fertility, such as Rhizobium and cyanobacteria.
Biopesticides
Biological agents used to control pests reducing dependence, on pesticides.
⭐ Quick Memory Hint
Applications of Biotechnology = "M–A–D–T–E"
M → Medicine
A → Agriculture
D → Diagnosis
T → Transgenic animals
E → Environment
keywords:
ЁЯСЙ Insulin – Gene therapy – Vaccine – PCR – ELISA – Bt crops – Golden Rice – Transgenic animals – Bioremediation
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