Class 12, Zoology PPT - 3. Reproductive Health
Class 12, Zoology PPT - 3. Reproductive Health
Chapter outline
3.1. Need for reproductive health Problems
and strategies
3.2. Amniocentesis and its statutory ban
3.3. Social impact of sex ratio,
female foeticide and infanticide
3.4. Population explosion and birth control
3.5. Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)
3.6. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
3.7. Infertility
3.8. Assisted reproductive technologyes (ART)
3..9. Detection of foetal disorders during early
pregnancy
Learning objectives
➢ Understands the importance of sex
education and reproductive health.
➢ Learns the importance of amniocentesis as
a pre-natal diagnosis.
➢ Evaluates the effects of maternal and infant
mortality.
➢ Identifies, compares and explains different types of contraceptive devices.
➢ Discusses the medical necessity and social
consequences of MTP.
➢ Explains the reasons of transmission and
prevention of STDs.
➢ Highlights the reasons of infertility.
➢ Develops a positive and healthy attitude
towards reproductive life.
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Reproductive Health – Quik Hints
1. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
ART → techniques used to help overcome infertility. Many couples benefit from ART.
IVF → Fertilization occurs outside the body; embryo is later transferred to the uterus.
ZIFT → Zygote is transferred into the tube.
IUT → Embryo is transferred into the uterus. Many patients choose IUT.
GIFT → Gametes are transferred into the tube for fertilization. GIFT can be an option.
ICSI → A single sperm is directly injected into the ovum. ICSI is often used for sperm injection.
ART is mainly used in the management of infertility. ART often helps people achieve pregnancy.
2. Transmitted Diseases (STDs/STIs)
Infections transmitted mainly through sexual contact. Infections are mainly transmitted through contact.
Examples: Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Chlamydia, Genital herpes, Genital warts and HIV/AIDS.
Some STIs can also spread through contaminated blood or shared needles and from mother to child. some STIs can also spread through contaminated blood or shared needles and from mother to child.
Prevention: Safe sexual practices, avoiding needles screened blood and appropriate medical care. Prevention includes sexual practices avoiding shared needles, screened blood and appropriate medical care. prevention is key.
AIDS → caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
Antibiotics can treat bacterial STIs but viral infections require appropriate antiviral/medical management.
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